diff --git a/backend/package-lock.json b/backend/package-lock.json
index 3ec556e..ebff5fb 100644
--- a/backend/package-lock.json
+++ b/backend/package-lock.json
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@
         "better-sqlite3": "^12.8.0",
         "cors": "^2.8.6",
         "express": "^5.2.1",
-        "express-rate-limit": "^8.3.1"
+        "express-rate-limit": "^8.3.1",
+        "ws": "^8.20.0"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/accepts": {
@@ -1309,6 +1310,27 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/wrappy/-/wrappy-1.0.2.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-l4Sp/DRseor9wL6EvV2+TuQn63dMkPjZ/sp9XkghTEbV9KlPS1xUsZ3u7/IQO4wxtcFB4bgpQPRcR3QCvezPcQ==",
       "license": "ISC"
+    },
+    "node_modules/ws": {
+      "version": "8.20.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ws/-/ws-8.20.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-sAt8BhgNbzCtgGbt2OxmpuryO63ZoDk/sqaB/znQm94T4fCEsy/yV+7CdC1kJhOU9lboAEU7R3kquuycDoibVA==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10.0.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "bufferutil": "^4.0.1",
+        "utf-8-validate": ">=5.0.2"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "bufferutil": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "utf-8-validate": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
+      }
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/backend/package.json b/backend/package.json
index 0a93c08..189abef 100644
--- a/backend/package.json
+++ b/backend/package.json
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
     "better-sqlite3": "^12.8.0",
     "cors": "^2.8.6",
     "express": "^5.2.1",
-    "express-rate-limit": "^8.3.1"
+    "express-rate-limit": "^8.3.1",
+    "ws": "^8.20.0"
   }
 }
diff --git a/backend/server.js b/backend/server.js
index e5e71af..392e090 100644
--- a/backend/server.js
+++ b/backend/server.js
@@ -3,9 +3,12 @@ const cors = require('cors');
 const rateLimit = require('express-rate-limit');
 const Database = require('better-sqlite3');
 const path = require('path');
+const http = require('http');
+const { WebSocketServer } = require('ws');
 
 const app = express();
 const PORT = process.env.PORT || 3001;
+const server = http.createServer(app);
 
 // Trust the first proxy (nginx) so that express-rate-limit can correctly
 // identify clients by their real IP from the X-Forwarded-For header.
@@ -14,6 +17,10 @@ app.set('trust proxy', 1);
 app.use(cors());
 app.use(express.json());
 
+// Serve the built frontend (production mode)
+const distPath = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'frontend', 'dist');
+app.use(express.static(distPath));
+
 // Apply rate limiting to all API routes
 const apiLimiter = rateLimit({
   windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 minutes
@@ -46,6 +53,18 @@ db.exec(`
   );
 `);
 
+// Migrate: add new car fields if they don't exist yet
+const carCols = db.prepare("PRAGMA table_info(cars)").all().map((c) => c.name);
+if (!carCols.includes('inspection_expiry')) {
+  db.exec("ALTER TABLE cars ADD COLUMN inspection_expiry TEXT DEFAULT ''");
+}
+if (!carCols.includes('has_etc')) {
+  db.exec('ALTER TABLE cars ADD COLUMN has_etc INTEGER DEFAULT 0');
+}
+if (!carCols.includes('tire_type')) {
+  db.exec("ALTER TABLE cars ADD COLUMN tire_type TEXT DEFAULT 'ノーマル'");
+}
+
 // Seed some initial cars if none exist
 const carCount = db.prepare('SELECT COUNT(*) as cnt FROM cars').get();
 if (carCount.cnt === 0) {
@@ -55,6 +74,22 @@ if (carCount.cnt === 0) {
   insertCar.run('代車 C', '');
 }
 
+// --- WebSocket Server ---
+const wss = new WebSocketServer({ server, path: '/ws' });
+
+function broadcast(message) {
+  const data = JSON.stringify(message);
+  wss.clients.forEach((client) => {
+    if (client.readyState === client.OPEN) {
+      client.send(data);
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+wss.on('connection', (ws) => {
+  ws.on('error', () => {}); // suppress unhandled error events
+});
+
 // --- Cars API ---
 app.get('/api/cars', (req, res) => {
   const cars = db.prepare('SELECT * FROM cars ORDER BY id').all();
@@ -62,25 +97,31 @@ app.get('/api/cars', (req, res) => {
 });
 
 app.post('/api/cars', (req, res) => {
-  const { name, description = '' } = req.body;
+  const { name, description = '', inspection_expiry = '', has_etc = 0, tire_type = 'ノーマル' } = req.body;
   if (!name || !name.trim()) {
     return res.status(400).json({ error: '車名は必須です' });
   }
-  const result = db.prepare('INSERT INTO cars (name, description) VALUES (?, ?)').run(name.trim(), description);
+  const result = db.prepare(
+    'INSERT INTO cars (name, description, inspection_expiry, has_etc, tire_type) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)'
+  ).run(name.trim(), description, inspection_expiry, has_etc ? 1 : 0, tire_type);
   const car = db.prepare('SELECT * FROM cars WHERE id = ?').get(result.lastInsertRowid);
+  broadcast({ type: 'data_changed', entity: 'cars' });
   res.status(201).json(car);
 });
 
 app.put('/api/cars/:id', (req, res) => {
-  const { name, description } = req.body;
+  const { name, description, inspection_expiry, has_etc, tire_type } = req.body;
   if (!name || !name.trim()) {
     return res.status(400).json({ error: '車名は必須です' });
   }
-  const result = db.prepare('UPDATE cars SET name = ?, description = ? WHERE id = ?').run(name.trim(), description ?? '', req.params.id);
+  const result = db.prepare(
+    'UPDATE cars SET name = ?, description = ?, inspection_expiry = ?, has_etc = ?, tire_type = ? WHERE id = ?'
+  ).run(name.trim(), description ?? '', inspection_expiry ?? '', has_etc ? 1 : 0, tire_type ?? 'ノーマル', req.params.id);
   if (result.changes === 0) {
     return res.status(404).json({ error: '車が見つかりません' });
   }
   const car = db.prepare('SELECT * FROM cars WHERE id = ?').get(req.params.id);
+  broadcast({ type: 'data_changed', entity: 'cars' });
   res.json(car);
 });
 
@@ -89,6 +130,7 @@ app.delete('/api/cars/:id', (req, res) => {
   if (result.changes === 0) {
     return res.status(404).json({ error: '車が見つかりません' });
   }
+  broadcast({ type: 'data_changed', entity: 'all' });
   res.json({ success: true });
 });
 
@@ -110,6 +152,7 @@ app.post('/api/reservations', (req, res) => {
     'INSERT INTO reservations (car_id, start_date, end_date, customer_name, notes) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)'
   ).run(car_id, start_date, end_date, customer_name, notes);
   const reservation = db.prepare('SELECT * FROM reservations WHERE id = ?').get(result.lastInsertRowid);
+  broadcast({ type: 'data_changed', entity: 'reservations' });
   res.status(201).json(reservation);
 });
 
@@ -128,6 +171,7 @@ app.put('/api/reservations/:id', (req, res) => {
     return res.status(404).json({ error: '予約が見つかりません' });
   }
   const reservation = db.prepare('SELECT * FROM reservations WHERE id = ?').get(req.params.id);
+  broadcast({ type: 'data_changed', entity: 'reservations' });
   res.json(reservation);
 });
 
@@ -136,9 +180,15 @@ app.delete('/api/reservations/:id', (req, res) => {
   if (result.changes === 0) {
     return res.status(404).json({ error: '予約が見つかりません' });
   }
+  broadcast({ type: 'data_changed', entity: 'reservations' });
   res.json({ success: true });
 });
 
-app.listen(PORT, () => {
+// SPA fallback: serve index.html for any non-API route
+app.get('/*path', apiLimiter, (req, res) => {
+  res.sendFile(path.join(distPath, 'index.html'));
+});
+
+server.listen(PORT, () => {
   console.log(`Server running on http://localhost:${PORT}`);
 });
diff --git a/frontend/src/App.jsx b/frontend/src/App.jsx
index 8b729f3..76bf91c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/App.jsx
+++ b/frontend/src/App.jsx
@@ -1,16 +1,36 @@
-import { useState } from 'react';
+import { useState, useCallback } from 'react';
 import ScheduleView from './components/ScheduleView.jsx';
 import CarManagement from './components/CarManagement.jsx';
 import TimelineView from './components/TimelineView.jsx';
+import useWebSocket from './hooks/useWebSocket.js';
 import styles from './App.module.css';
 
 export default function App() {
   const [page, setPage] = useState('schedule');
+  const [reloadKey, setReloadKey] = useState(0);
+
+  const handleWsMessage = useCallback((msg) => {
+    if (msg.type === 'data_changed') {
+      setReloadKey((k) => k + 1);
+    }
+  }, []);
+
+  const { status: wsStatus } = useWebSocket(handleWsMessage);
 
   return (
     <div className={styles.app}>
       <header className={styles.header}>
-        <h1 className={styles.title}>🚗 代車スケジュール管理</h1>
+        <div className={styles.headerLeft}>
+          <span
+            className={`${styles.wsIndicator} ${styles['wsIndicator_' + wsStatus]}`}
+            title={
+              wsStatus === 'connected' ? 'リアルタイム同期: 接続中' :
+              wsStatus === 'connecting' || wsStatus === 'disconnected' ? 'リアルタイム同期: 再接続中...' :
+              'リアルタイム同期: 接続失敗'
+            }
+          />
+          <h1 className={styles.title}>🚗 代車スケジュール管理</h1>
+        </div>
         <nav className={styles.nav}>
           <button
             className={`${styles.navBtn} ${page === 'schedule' ? styles.active : ''}`}
@@ -32,10 +52,17 @@ export default function App() {
           </button>
         </nav>
       </header>
+
+      {wsStatus === 'error' && (
+        <div className={styles.wsError}>
+          ⚠️ サーバーとの接続が切断されました。ページを再読み込みしてください。
+        </div>
+      )}
+
       <main className={styles.main}>
-        {page === 'schedule' && <ScheduleView />}
-        {page === 'timeline' && <TimelineView />}
-        {page === 'cars' && <CarManagement />}
+        {page === 'schedule' && <ScheduleView reloadKey={reloadKey} />}
+        {page === 'timeline' && <TimelineView reloadKey={reloadKey} />}
+        {page === 'cars' && <CarManagement reloadKey={reloadKey} />}
       </main>
     </div>
   );
diff --git a/frontend/src/App.module.css b/frontend/src/App.module.css
index 377a891..bfaba80 100644
--- a/frontend/src/App.module.css
+++ b/frontend/src/App.module.css
@@ -18,12 +18,59 @@
   z-index: 100;
 }
 
+.headerLeft {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 10px;
+}
+
 .title {
   font-size: 20px;
   font-weight: 700;
   letter-spacing: 0.5px;
 }
 
+/* WebSocket connection indicator dot */
+.wsIndicator {
+  display: inline-block;
+  width: 10px;
+  height: 10px;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  transition: background 0.3s;
+}
+
+.wsIndicator_connected {
+  background: #4ade80; /* green */
+  box-shadow: 0 0 6px #4ade80;
+}
+
+.wsIndicator_connecting,
+.wsIndicator_disconnected {
+  background: #fbbf24; /* amber */
+  animation: pulse 1s infinite;
+}
+
+.wsIndicator_error {
+  background: #f87171; /* red */
+}
+
+@keyframes pulse {
+  0%, 100% { opacity: 1; }
+  50% { opacity: 0.4; }
+}
+
+/* Disconnection warning banner */
+.wsError {
+  background: #fef3c7;
+  border-bottom: 2px solid #f59e0b;
+  color: #92400e;
+  padding: 8px 24px;
+  font-size: 14px;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  text-align: center;
+}
+
 .nav {
   display: flex;
   gap: 8px;
@@ -54,3 +101,4 @@
   flex: 1;
   overflow: hidden;
 }
+
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/CarManagement.jsx b/frontend/src/components/CarManagement.jsx
index 76f593f..96db33c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/CarManagement.jsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/CarManagement.jsx
@@ -1,20 +1,27 @@
-import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
+import { useState, useEffect, useCallback } from 'react';
 import { api } from '../api.js';
+import { isInspectionExpirySoon } from '../utils/carUtils.js';
 import styles from './CarManagement.module.css';
 
-export default function CarManagement() {
+export default function CarManagement({ reloadKey = 0 }) {
   const [cars, setCars] = useState([]);
   const [reservations, setReservations] = useState([]);
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
   const [error, setError] = useState(null);
   const [newCarName, setNewCarName] = useState('');
   const [newCarDesc, setNewCarDesc] = useState('');
+  const [newCarExpiry, setNewCarExpiry] = useState('');
+  const [newCarEtc, setNewCarEtc] = useState(false);
+  const [newCarTire, setNewCarTire] = useState('ノーマル');
   const [editingId, setEditingId] = useState(null);
   const [editName, setEditName] = useState('');
   const [editDesc, setEditDesc] = useState('');
+  const [editExpiry, setEditExpiry] = useState('');
+  const [editEtc, setEditEtc] = useState(false);
+  const [editTire, setEditTire] = useState('ノーマル');
   const [submitting, setSubmitting] = useState(false);
 
-  const loadCars = async () => {
+  const loadCars = useCallback(async () => {
     try {
       setLoading(true);
       const [carsData, resData] = await Promise.all([api.getCars(), api.getReservations()]);
@@ -26,20 +33,29 @@ export default function CarManagement() {
     } finally {
       setLoading(false);
     }
-  };
+  }, []);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     loadCars();
-  }, []);
+  }, [loadCars, reloadKey]);
 
   const handleAdd = async (e) => {
     e.preventDefault();
     if (!newCarName.trim()) return;
     try {
       setSubmitting(true);
-      await api.createCar({ name: newCarName.trim(), description: newCarDesc.trim() });
+      await api.createCar({
+        name: newCarName.trim(),
+        description: newCarDesc.trim(),
+        inspection_expiry: newCarExpiry,
+        has_etc: newCarEtc,
+        tire_type: newCarTire,
+      });
       setNewCarName('');
       setNewCarDesc('');
+      setNewCarExpiry('');
+      setNewCarEtc(false);
+      setNewCarTire('ノーマル');
       await loadCars();
     } catch (e) {
       setError(e.message);
@@ -66,19 +82,31 @@ export default function CarManagement() {
     setEditingId(car.id);
     setEditName(car.name);
     setEditDesc(car.description || '');
+    setEditExpiry(car.inspection_expiry || '');
+    setEditEtc(!!car.has_etc);
+    setEditTire(car.tire_type || 'ノーマル');
   };
 
   const cancelEdit = () => {
     setEditingId(null);
     setEditName('');
     setEditDesc('');
+    setEditExpiry('');
+    setEditEtc(false);
+    setEditTire('ノーマル');
   };
 
   const handleUpdate = async (id) => {
     if (!editName.trim()) return;
     try {
       setSubmitting(true);
-      await api.updateCar(id, { name: editName.trim(), description: editDesc.trim() });
+      await api.updateCar(id, {
+        name: editName.trim(),
+        description: editDesc.trim(),
+        inspection_expiry: editExpiry,
+        has_etc: editEtc,
+        tire_type: editTire,
+      });
       cancelEdit();
       await loadCars();
     } catch (e) {
@@ -111,6 +139,39 @@ export default function CarManagement() {
               value={newCarDesc}
               onChange={(e) => setNewCarDesc(e.target.value)}
             />
+          </div>
+          <div className={styles.formRow}>
+            <label className={styles.fieldLabel}>
+              車検満了日
+              <input
+                type="date"
+                className={styles.input}
+                value={newCarExpiry}
+                onChange={(e) => setNewCarExpiry(e.target.value)}
+              />
+            </label>
+            <label className={styles.fieldLabel}>
+              ETC
+              <select
+                className={styles.input}
+                value={newCarEtc ? 'あり' : 'なし'}
+                onChange={(e) => setNewCarEtc(e.target.value === 'あり')}
+              >
+                <option value="なし">なし</option>
+                <option value="あり">あり</option>
+              </select>
+            </label>
+            <label className={styles.fieldLabel}>
+              タイヤ
+              <select
+                className={styles.input}
+                value={newCarTire}
+                onChange={(e) => setNewCarTire(e.target.value)}
+              >
+                <option value="ノーマル">ノーマル</option>
+                <option value="スタットレス">スタットレス</option>
+              </select>
+            </label>
             <button type="submit" className={styles.btnPrimary} disabled={submitting || !newCarName.trim()}>
               + 追加
             </button>
@@ -129,13 +190,16 @@ export default function CarManagement() {
                 <th>ID</th>
                 <th>車名</th>
                 <th>備考</th>
+                <th>車検満了日</th>
+                <th>ETC</th>
+                <th>タイヤ</th>
                 <th>操作</th>
               </tr>
             </thead>
             <tbody>
               {cars.length === 0 && (
                 <tr>
-                  <td colSpan={4} className={styles.empty}>代車がありません</td>
+                  <td colSpan={7} className={styles.empty}>代車がありません</td>
                 </tr>
               )}
               {cars.map((car) => (
@@ -159,6 +223,34 @@ export default function CarManagement() {
                           onChange={(e) => setEditDesc(e.target.value)}
                         />
                       </td>
+                      <td>
+                        <input
+                          type="date"
+                          className={styles.input}
+                          value={editExpiry}
+                          onChange={(e) => setEditExpiry(e.target.value)}
+                        />
+                      </td>
+                      <td>
+                        <select
+                          className={styles.input}
+                          value={editEtc ? 'あり' : 'なし'}
+                          onChange={(e) => setEditEtc(e.target.value === 'あり')}
+                        >
+                          <option value="なし">なし</option>
+                          <option value="あり">あり</option>
+                        </select>
+                      </td>
+                      <td>
+                        <select
+                          className={styles.input}
+                          value={editTire}
+                          onChange={(e) => setEditTire(e.target.value)}
+                        >
+                          <option value="ノーマル">ノーマル</option>
+                          <option value="スタットレス">スタットレス</option>
+                        </select>
+                      </td>
                       <td className={styles.actions}>
                         <button
                           className={styles.btnSave}
@@ -176,6 +268,15 @@ export default function CarManagement() {
                     <>
                       <td>{car.name}</td>
                       <td className={styles.descCell}>{car.description || '-'}</td>
+                      <td className={styles.descCell}>
+                        {car.inspection_expiry
+                          ? isInspectionExpirySoon(car.inspection_expiry)
+                            ? <span className={styles.expiryWarn}>⚠️ {car.inspection_expiry}</span>
+                            : car.inspection_expiry
+                          : '-'}
+                      </td>
+                      <td>{car.has_etc ? '🛣️ あり' : 'なし'}</td>
+                      <td>{car.tire_type === 'スタットレス' ? '❄️ スタットレス' : 'ノーマル'}</td>
                       <td className={styles.actions}>
                         <button className={styles.btnEdit} onClick={() => startEdit(car)}>
                           編集
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/CarManagement.module.css b/frontend/src/components/CarManagement.module.css
index c94d812..4db27c7 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/CarManagement.module.css
+++ b/frontend/src/components/CarManagement.module.css
@@ -199,3 +199,22 @@
   color: #9ca3af;
   padding: 32px;
 }
+
+.fieldLabel {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 4px;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  color: #6b7280;
+  font-weight: 500;
+}
+
+.fieldLabel .input {
+  min-width: 130px;
+}
+
+.expiryWarn {
+  color: #b45309;
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/ScheduleView.jsx b/frontend/src/components/ScheduleView.jsx
index 4603d8c..92f23bb 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/ScheduleView.jsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/ScheduleView.jsx
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { useState, useEffect, useRef, useCallback } from 'react';
 import { format, addDays, startOfWeek, parseISO, differenceInDays, isSameDay } from 'date-fns';
 import { ja } from 'date-fns/locale';
 import { api } from '../api.js';
+import { isInspectionExpirySoon } from '../utils/carUtils.js';
 import ReservationModal from './ReservationModal.jsx';
 import styles from './ScheduleView.module.css';
 
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ function dateToStr(date) {
   return format(date, 'yyyy-MM-dd');
 }
 
-export default function ScheduleView() {
+export default function ScheduleView({ reloadKey = 0 }) {
   const [cars, setCars] = useState([]);
   const [reservations, setReservations] = useState([]);
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ export default function ScheduleView() {
 
   useEffect(() => {
     loadData();
-  }, [loadData]);
+  }, [loadData, reloadKey]);
 
   // --- Navigation ---
   const prevWeek = () => setViewStart((d) => addDays(d, -7));
@@ -443,6 +444,13 @@ export default function ScheduleView() {
                 >
                   <span className={styles.carDot} style={{ background: color.border }} />
                   <span className={styles.carName}>{car.name}</span>
+                  <span className={styles.carIcons}>
+                    {car.has_etc ? <span title="ETC あり">🛣️</span> : null}
+                    {car.tire_type === 'スタットレス' ? <span title="スタットレスタイヤ">❄️</span> : null}
+                    {isInspectionExpirySoon(car.inspection_expiry) ? (
+                      <span title={`車検満了日: ${car.inspection_expiry}（まもなく期限切れ）`}>⚠️</span>
+                    ) : null}
+                  </span>
                 </div>
 
                 {/* Day cells */}
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/ScheduleView.module.css b/frontend/src/components/ScheduleView.module.css
index 7aaffdd..c222856 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/ScheduleView.module.css
+++ b/frontend/src/components/ScheduleView.module.css
@@ -182,6 +182,15 @@
   white-space: nowrap;
   overflow: hidden;
   text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  flex: 1;
+  min-width: 0;
+}
+
+.carIcons {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 2px;
+  font-size: 14px;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
 }
 
 /* Cell area */
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/TimelineView.jsx b/frontend/src/components/TimelineView.jsx
index 52b9417..4465751 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/TimelineView.jsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/TimelineView.jsx
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ function dateToStr(date) {
   return format(date, 'yyyy-MM-dd');
 }
 
-export default function TimelineView() {
+export default function TimelineView({ reloadKey = 0 }) {
   const [cars, setCars] = useState([]);
   const [reservations, setReservations] = useState([]);
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ export default function TimelineView() {
 
   useEffect(() => {
     loadData();
-  }, [loadData]);
+  }, [loadData, reloadKey]);
 
   // Close context menu on click / Escape
   useEffect(() => {
diff --git a/frontend/src/hooks/useWebSocket.js b/frontend/src/hooks/useWebSocket.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..caf6559
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/hooks/useWebSocket.js
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+import { useEffect, useRef, useState, useCallback } from 'react';
+
+const WS_BASE = (() => {
+  if (import.meta.env.VITE_WS_URL) return import.meta.env.VITE_WS_URL;
+  const loc = window.location;
+  const proto = loc.protocol === 'https:' ? 'wss:' : 'ws:';
+  // Use the same origin as the page; in development the Vite dev server
+  // proxies /ws to the backend, and in production nginx does the same.
+  return `${proto}//${loc.host}/ws`;
+})();
+
+const RECONNECT_DELAYS = [1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, 15000, 30000]; // ms
+
+/**
+ * Maintains a WebSocket connection with automatic reconnection.
+ *
+ * @param {(message: object) => void} onMessage - Called for each parsed JSON message.
+ * @returns {{ status: 'connecting'|'connected'|'disconnected'|'error' }}
+ */
+export default function useWebSocket(onMessage) {
+  const [status, setStatus] = useState('connecting');
+  const wsRef = useRef(null);
+  const retryCountRef = useRef(0);
+  const unmountedRef = useRef(false);
+  const retryTimerRef = useRef(null);
+  const onMessageRef = useRef(onMessage);
+
+  // Keep onMessage ref up-to-date without re-running the effect
+  useEffect(() => {
+    onMessageRef.current = onMessage;
+  }, [onMessage]);
+
+  const connect = useCallback(() => {
+    if (unmountedRef.current) return;
+
+    setStatus('connecting');
+    const ws = new WebSocket(WS_BASE);
+    wsRef.current = ws;
+
+    ws.onopen = () => {
+      if (unmountedRef.current) { ws.close(); return; }
+      retryCountRef.current = 0;
+      setStatus('connected');
+    };
+
+    ws.onmessage = (event) => {
+      try {
+        const msg = JSON.parse(event.data);
+        onMessageRef.current(msg);
+      } catch {
+        // ignore malformed messages
+      }
+    };
+
+    ws.onclose = () => {
+      if (unmountedRef.current) return;
+      const delay = RECONNECT_DELAYS[Math.min(retryCountRef.current, RECONNECT_DELAYS.length - 1)];
+      retryCountRef.current += 1;
+      // After exhausting all backoff levels, keep status as 'error'
+      if (retryCountRef.current > RECONNECT_DELAYS.length) {
+        setStatus('error');
+      } else {
+        setStatus('disconnected');
+      }
+      retryTimerRef.current = setTimeout(connect, delay);
+    };
+
+    ws.onerror = () => {
+      // onclose will fire right after, which handles reconnect
+    };
+  }, []);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    connect();
+    return () => {
+      unmountedRef.current = true;
+      clearTimeout(retryTimerRef.current);
+      wsRef.current?.close();
+    };
+  }, [connect]);
+
+  return { status };
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/carUtils.js b/frontend/src/utils/carUtils.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cab7d41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/carUtils.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/**
+ * Returns true if the given inspection expiry date string is within 1 month
+ * from today (or already past).
+ * @param {string} inspectionExpiry - ISO date string (YYYY-MM-DD) or empty
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+export function isInspectionExpirySoon(inspectionExpiry) {
+  if (!inspectionExpiry) return false;
+  const expiry = new Date(inspectionExpiry);
+  const oneMonthLater = new Date();
+  oneMonthLater.setMonth(oneMonthLater.getMonth() + 1);
+  return expiry <= oneMonthLater;
+}
diff --git a/frontend/vite.config.js b/frontend/vite.config.js
index c9266a0..096d712 100644
--- a/frontend/vite.config.js
+++ b/frontend/vite.config.js
@@ -1,13 +1,57 @@
 import { defineConfig } from 'vite';
 import react from '@vitejs/plugin-react';
+import net from 'net';
+
+const backendOrigin = process.env.BACKEND_URL || 'http://localhost:3001';
+
+/**
+ * Custom Vite plugin that tunnels WebSocket upgrade requests at /ws to the
+ * backend via raw TCP.  Vite's built-in proxy `ws: true` can silently drop
+ * upgrade events that Vite's own HMR handler intercepts first.  This plugin
+ * hooks directly onto `httpServer.upgrade` and handles the /ws path before
+ * Vite gets a chance to claim it.
+ */
+function wsProxyPlugin() {
+  return {
+    name: 'ws-proxy',
+    configureServer(server) {
+      server.httpServer?.on('upgrade', (req, socket, head) => {
+        if (req.url !== '/ws') return;
+
+        const { hostname, port: rawPort } = new URL(backendOrigin);
+        const port = parseInt(rawPort) || 3001;
+
+        const conn = net.createConnection({ host: hostname, port });
+
+        conn.on('error', () => socket.destroy());
+        socket.on('error', () => conn.destroy());
+
+        conn.on('connect', () => {
+          // Replay the original HTTP upgrade request to the backend
+          const headers =
+            `${req.method} ${req.url} HTTP/${req.httpVersion}\r\n` +
+            Object.entries(req.headers)
+              .map(([k, v]) => `${k}: ${v}`)
+              .join('\r\n') +
+            '\r\n\r\n';
+          conn.write(headers);
+          if (head && head.length) conn.write(head);
+
+          // Bidirectional pipe
+          conn.pipe(socket).pipe(conn);
+        });
+      });
+    },
+  };
+}
 
 export default defineConfig({
-  plugins: [react()],
+  plugins: [react(), wsProxyPlugin()],
   server: {
     port: 5173,
     proxy: {
       '/api': {
-        target: process.env.BACKEND_URL || 'http://localhost:3001',
+        target: backendOrigin,
         changeOrigin: true,
       },
     },